Corrado Bonifazi, Gerardo Gallo, Salvatore Strozza, Donatella Zindato, Popolazioni straniere e immigrate: definizioni, categorie e caratteristiche / Foreign and immigrant populations: definitions, categories and characteristics, pp. 519-548

This article aims at exploring the possibility of defining foreign or immigrant populations and those of foreign or immigrant origins by making use of complex criteria of identification and the possibility of measuring these aggregates through the data of the latest Italian census. The individual information is considered first and then that of the parents, but the latter made available only through the people identified in the family as children. After having singled out the new aggregates which is possible to define going from a one-dimensional approach to a multi-dimensional one, the latter perspective has been considered both at the individual and generational level, that is, keeping in mind the characteristics of the children and their parents. Such frame of reference has been employed thus in the analysis of the data of the latest census, considering the overall dimensions of the individual aggregates and the characteristics of some of them (minors of foreign origins and immigrant populations).

Corrado Bonifazi, Carmela Cappelli, Simone De Angelis, Simona Mastroluca, Salvatore Strozza, Popolazione straniera e mercato del lavoro: un’analisi per collettività / Foreign population and labour market: an analysis by community, pp. 549-572

The different possibilities and modalities of insertion in the labour market of arrival constitute one of the essential elements of the process of integration. The contribution, which represents a reading by community of the phenomenon, aims at underlining the similarities and the differences that characterize the main immigrant communities. The analyses that have been carried out have confirmed the profound diversities, due mainly to the gender dimension and the nation of origins, that mark the processes of insertion of foreign workers in the Italian labour market.

Frank Heins, Salvatore Strozza, La geografia insediativa degli stranieri all’interno delle province italiane: differenze e determinanti / The settlement geography of foreigners within the Italian provinces: differences and decisive factors, pp. 573-601

The objective of the article is to measure the level of dissimilarity in the territorial distribution within each Italian province (by sections of census) between the foreign and the Italian residents and try to identify the main causes of the differences that have been detected. The comparison between foreigners and Italians in the distribution by sections of census within each province is summed up by resorting to some variants of the classical indicator of dissimilarity to keep under control the elements that limit the comparability among the different provinces that have a diverse morphology and number of territorial unities. Among the causes of the different levels of dissimilarity that have been observed the following have been considered: the impact and the demographic, social, economic and migratory characteristics of the immigrants present in the various provincial realities. In the northern and central provinces, with a higher incidence of foreign population and a greater heterogeneity of citizenships, the dissimilarity in the settlement models is lower, while in the southern provinces the dissimilarity is considerably higher.

Angela Ferruzza, Silvia Dardanelli, Frank Heins, Mariangela Verrascina, La geografia insediativa degli stranieri residenti: Verona, Firenze e Palermo a confronto / The settlement geography of foreign residents: a comparison among Verona, Firenze and Palermo, pp. 602-628

This article analyzes some territorial and local aspects of the presence of foreigners in Italy taking as case studies the cities of Verona, Firenze and Palermo. The various aspects of the life conditions of the foreign population are examined by means of a series of indicators that are representative of the main socio-demographic characteristics. Among the case studies there are sharp differences in the distribution of foreign communities both from the viewpoint of the settlement in the territory and from the perspective of their socio-demographic characteristics. The analysis of the distribution of the foreign presence shows that the downtown areas have a higher incidence of foreigners while the suburbs offer a higher possibility of ethnic enclaves. The settlement of foreigners in the municipal territory differs according to the various citizenships. In most cases the larger communities tend to settle in the areas in which a higher incidence of foreigners is observed.

Enrico Todisco, Damiano Abbatini, Frank Heins, Fabrizio Martire, Gli anziani stranieri: dove / Foreign elderly: where?, pp. 629-656

The essay evaluates the participation of the elderly (over 55 years of age) to the migratory movements in Italy, as they have been ascertained by the 2001 census, in terms of their origins, family and professional conditions, their percentage in relation to the total number of their immigrant countrymen and women, the educational level, and the reason of their relocation. A first particular focus is concerned about the dwellings (title of possession) and their characteristics. A second particular aspect regards the retired emigrants (International Retirement Migration), a segment that is still reasonable, but with an interesting trend of development.

Donatella Zindato, Lorenzo Cassata, Fabrizio Martire, Salvatore Strozza, Mattia Vitiello, L’integrazione come processo multi-dimensionale. Condizioni di vita e di lavoro degli immigrati / Integration as a multi-dimensional process. Life and labour conditions of immigrants, pp. 657-698

Keeping in mind the interactive and multi-dimensional nature of the integration process of immigrants in the societies of destination, this article has tried to investigate with the data of the census the structural and socio-economic dimensions of this phenomenon. The descriptive analysis is conducted employing as fundamental interpretative category the distinction between foreigners and naturalized citizens. Regarding the foreigners there is a further articulation between those born in Italy and those born abroad, distinguishing the latter according to the length of presence. The family conditions, living situation and labour insertion are examined by means of elementary indicators that are distinctively constructed by nationality, as well as resorting to techniques of multi-dimensional analysis of the data. Some of the results that have emerged stimulate further questions and point out, in any case, how difficult it is to attain a univocal overall framework. In particular, one must ask if the clear advantage in terms of integration detected among the naturalized citizens must be interpreted as the result of a successful process of integration or it is related to the difficulty of acquiring the citizenship in the Italian context. Moreover, the stabilization of presence is not always accompanied by the attainment of better life and labour conditions. This works also with reference to the different aspects of the same dimension: for example, labour stability is often placed in alternative to an occupation adequate to one’s educational qualifications.

Salvatore Strozza, Partecipazione e ritardo scolastico dei ragazzi stranieri e d’origine straniera / Participation and apprehension lag of foreign children and children of foreign origins, pp. 699-722

The full insertion in the world of education constitutes a crucial transition moment to guarantee to the children of immigrants the necessary formation that makes possible the ascending socio-professional mobility that is considered feasible especially during the passage from the first to the second generation of immigrants. The objective of this article is to confront, through the data of the 2001 demographic census, the theme of the participation and apprehension lag of foreign children and children of foreign origins. The analysis that has been carried out has highlighted the articulation, at least by nationality and generation, of an enormously complex reality that needs a specific attention. It has emerged also the need to give attention to the problem of the evasion of compulsory education and, most of all, the dropping out by foreign teenagers from high school formation, which appears to be higher in comparison with Italian teenagers, especially for those who arrived in Italy during their adolescence. Finally, the possible link between the apprehension lag and the dropping out, even if it is still to be verified, should in any case push the Italian school system to wonder about suitable solutions to allow the children of immigrants to have the same opportunity than Italian children.

Angela Ferruzza, Uno sguardo al futuro: le definizioni internazionali, un quadro di riferimento essenziale / A peek into the future: the international definitions, an essential framework of reference, pp. 723-730

This article examines the future prospects of demographic censuses with a specific reference to the data gathering of the population with immigrant background, an aggregate of growing importance in the European countries. This essay underlines how what is provided for by the Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on Population and Housing Censuses, an absolute novelty in comparison with the previous censuses, and what is established by the new version of the Recommendations for the 2010 Censuses for Population and Housing in the Ece Region developed within the UN-ECE, have become an irremissible framework of reference. In the latter there is an extensive mention of the themes connected to migrations especially in the section concerning the International and internal migration and the Ethno-cultural characteristics.

Paola C. Monkevicius, Dentro y fuera del crisol. Representaciones del pasado migratorio en la prensa gráfica argentina (el caso lituano) / In and out of the melting pot. Representations of the migratory past in the Argentine printed media: the Lithuanian case, pp. 731-750

This article describes and evaluates how the migratory past was described, along with its meaning in the printed media; it focuses specifically upon the case of the Lithuanian community in Argentina. This theoretical approach, from the anthropology of memory, explores how the past is set up into a central symbolic space with the definition of ethnic identity in the effort of establishing boundaries among the diverse social groups. The narrative of the printed media is situated within a “we” which is ethnically blurred and reproduces the hegemonic discourse of the “melting pot”. In this perspective, the Lithuanian community and its migratory past are alternatively included and excluded from the official narrative of the Argentine identity. The methodology applied consists mainly of the qualitative analysis of the information obtained from the selected body of articles selected from the printed media.